Arctic Ocean 2016 - Meteorological and Aerosol Data
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This dataset contains data collected during the Canadian-Swedish expedition Arctic Ocean 2016. 
The research cruise took place August through September 2016, using the icebreaker Oden.

For ship data from the cruise, as well as graphics and files describing the route, see 
https://ecds.se/dataset/meteorological-oceanographic-and-ship-data-from-arctic-ocean-expedition-aug-sept-2016

For descriptions of Work Packages and research conducted during the cruise, see the SWEDARCTIC Arctic Ocean 2016 
Expedition Report: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:polar:diva-3475

Additional information on the expedition, including links to publications, is available at 
http://www.polarforskningsportalen.se/en/arctic/expeditions/arctic-ocean-2016

Contact:
datamanager@polar.se  
Swedish Polar Research Secretariat
http://polar.se/en/


Data are released on a Creative Commons by Attribution License 3.0 


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Work Package: Meteorology, Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Surface Fluxes
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Pricipal Investigator and Data Distributor:

Prof. Ian Brooks
University of Leeds, UK
i.brooks@see.leeds.ac.uk


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Abstract
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The meteorology work package has three distinct objectives:

1) Profiling of the thermodynamic structure of the polar atmosphere from the surface to approximately 25km to 
provide information on synoptic structure. 

2) Measurement of turbulent surface exchange (momentum, heat, water vapour), the surface energy balance, and 
evaluation of exchange coefficients over sea ice. This objective is primarily aimed at the development and 
evaluation of surface flux parameterizations for use in numerical models, both for operational forecasting and 
climate studies.

3) Measurement of the aerosol particles on which polar clouds and fog form. The Arctic boundary layer is extremely 
clean compared to that over the open oceans or continental landmasses – aerosol concentrations are often 
exceptionally low. Our understanding of the sources of aerosol particles on which Arctic cloud and fog droplets 
form is poor, and models of aerosol typically struggle to reproduce even basic features of the size distribution 
and seasonal variability.


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Measurements
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Foremast:

•	Sonic anemometer – 3 dimensional turbulent winds, ‘sonic’ air temperature (20Hz)
•	XSENS MTi-G-700 motion pack to correct turbulent winds for ship motion.
•	Licor LI-7500 gas analyzer – water vapour concentration
•	Vaisala HMP110 T/RH probe – air temperature and relative humidity

7th deck:

•	Radiosounding station
•	2 KT15 infrared surface temperature measurements (1 s time resolution). Both KT15s mounted on port side, one 
	looking off the beam, one ~45 degrees to aft. 
•	FLIR ACS655sc thermal imaging camera – 10 second timelapse thermal images of the ice off port side (note one 
	KT15 samples approximately at the centre of the FLIR image area)
•	3 IP-cameras (port, forward, starboard) – 10 second (port/stb) and 60 second (forward) visible images of the 
	surface to the horizon. 
•	Vaisala laser ceilometers – overhead cloud base height, cloud fraction statistics, backscatter profiles from 
	aerosol/cloud droplets
•	Weather station (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar and infra red radiation (downwelling))
•	Cloud/fog droplet spectrometers (University of Hertfordshire)
•	fog droplet collector (collection of fog water for chemical analysis)

4th deck triple lab:

•	TSI Model 3910 nano-particle sizer – aerosol size distributions in the size range 10-420 nm electrical mobility 
	diameter
•	TSI Model 3330 optical particle size – aerosol size distributions in the size range 0.3 – 10 µm optical diameter
•	MISU electrostatic precipitator and two particle impactors (particle collection for Transmission Electron 
	Microscopy)

Most measurement systems ran continuously throughout the cruise, with breaks for instrument maintenance or where 
icing degrades or prevents measurement. Final data sets will include quality control flags. Turbulent flux data is 
processed to provide flux estimates on 20-minute averaging periods.


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Quality Information
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Data quality varies. Several instruments suffered problems during the cruise:

- Vaisala radiosonding station failed and was unable to recieve or process transmitted data from the radiosondes. 
A substitute was put together using 3rd party software. Data is available, but it was not possible to perform all 
the quality control and filtering usually applied by the Vaisala system.
 
- Metek sonic anemometer failed at start of cruise. A Gill anemometer was installed to replace it, but it lacks 
heated heads and suffers data loss in icing conditions.

- LiCOR LI-7500 suffered power problems early in cruise.

- Solar and IR radiometers on 7th deck suffer intermittent data degredation from icing on domes. They were cleaned 
several times daily and a log maintained of when this was carried out.


2017-04-04